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Evan Powell | Jan 23, 2017 | ProjectorCentral.com | Subscribe

Principle 3 7. 4K DLP projectors featuring TI's new 4K UHD DLP chip are in the news, especially with the Optoma UHD60 coming to market late in the second quarter at the surprisingly low price of $2,799.

But is the new 4K DLP chip really a genuine native 4K chip? After all, it has only 4.15 million mirrors, not the 8.3 million that is required for 4K 3840x2160 display. Is it doing pixel shift in the same way that the 3LCD 4K enhanced projectors Digital minds screensavers collection ubserial download free. from Epson and JVC are doing?

The answer is yes and no. The similarities are these: They both rely upon an optical diagonal off-shifting of the pixels on sequential refreshes so that there is a partial overlapping of the pixels on the second pass. So a base image and an off-shifted image are both displayed for each frame. This happens so fast that the eye blends them into one image. As you are watching a movie there is no awareness that this is going on.

4K projectors using either the 4K DLP chip or the 4K-enhanced 3LCD process will accept native 4K signals and then apply some extensive video processing on these signals to prepare them for output to their non-native DLP or 3LCD imaging devices. The difference is that TI's 4K UHD process produces independent single-pixel structures, whereas the 3LCD process does not.

Practically speaking, the most obvious difference between the 4K DLP and 4K-enhanced 3LCD projectors is apparent resolution. The 4K-enhanced 3LCD projectors from Epson and JVC (those currently on the market at any rate) use native HD 1080p chips which are 1920x1080 in physical resolution. Resolution enhancement is achieved by projecting a 1920x1080 image on the first scan, then on the next refresh of the chips a second 1920x1080 image is off-shifted diagonally and overlaid onto the first scan. The total number of addressable pixels in this process is (1920x1080) x 2 = 4.15 million, which is half of the 8.3 million in a native 4K signal.

1080P Home Theater Projector
1080P Home Theater Projector

The 4K DLP chip starts with double the resolution of the 3LCD devices. It has a total of 2716x1528 mirrors. Through some proprietary video processing it is able to deliver two discrete pixels for each mirror. When using this chip in the pixel-shifting process, it delivers double the number of pixels in each refresh compared to the 3LCD projectors. The total number of addressable pixels in this process is (2716x1528) x 2 = 8.3 million, or the same as a native 4K signal. The pixels have been reformulated through video processing to map the native 4K signal information onto this pixel shifted delivery mechanism.

So what do they look like?

The result of both of these processes, as far as the eye perceives, is substantially enhanced picture resolution compared to standard HD 1080p. As far as 3LCD is concerned, though the math says it is half the number of addressable pixels compared to native 4K, from a typical viewing distance the eye will perceive video material displayed on 4K-enhanced 3LCD projectors as much closer to native 4K than 1080p--subjectively the picture does not look like it is 'half way' in between 1080p and 4K as the math would suggest. Things 3 4 1 – elegant personal task management tool. It looks more like it is about 90% native 4K, at least with video subject matter. The bottom line is that when viewing video material from normal viewing distances it will be difficult for most consumers to tell the difference in resolution between a picture produced by a projector using native 4K chips and one using the 3LCD pixel-shift technology.

However, when you switch to something other than video you get a different impression. For example, when you are projecting high resolution graphics or densely packed financial spreadsheets in small fonts, the latent resolution strength of the 4K DLP chip compared to 3LCD pixel-shift becomes much more apparent. When viewing this type of subject matter on 3LCD pixel-shifted projectors, you may tend to see moire patterns in complex graphics, or soft, imprecise resolution of the serifs on small text on a spreadsheet. These details are more acutely resolved with native 4K projectors, or with projectors using the new 4K DLP chip.

Now, with the new 4K DLP chip, the math says that since the physical resolution is doubled as compared to 3LCD, that should push the subjective results on the screen from a perceived (say) 90% of 4K to a potential of 95% 4K. However, once again the math is misleading. This is not what happens. The detail resolution produced by the 4K DLP chip is for all practical purposes indistinguishable from pure native 4K, even when examined from very close up. Therefore, despite the fact that the 4K DLP chip itself has 4.15 million mirrors instead of 8.3 million, we have no problem categorizing the 4K projectors using this chip as '4K resolution.' The picture on the screen is what counts, not the number of elements on the imaging device.

Other vital factors to consider

3-chip convergence.One other contributing factor to the resolution power of the 4K DLP chip is that in its single-chip implementations (using a color wheel as light modulator), there is no risk of a convergence issue as there may be on any three-chip light engine design, whether DLP, 3LCD or LCOS. With 4K resolution, the precise convergence of three independent red, green, and blue imaging chips becomes vital when it comes to maximizing image definition. The latent advantage of sequential color updates from a single DLP chip is that all three colors are always in perfect convergence. So oddly enough, the single 4K DLP chip used with a color wheel has the potential to deliver slightly more precision than a true native 4K projector that uses three separate chips for R, G, and B, if those three chips are not in perfect alignment.

Viewing distance. It is also important to keep in mind that viewing distance is a huge factor in perceiving resolution. As it is, when viewed from a common distance of (say) 1.3x the screen width, you cannot see all the detail on the screen even in a standard 1080p image. Move up close and you can see pixel structure, but move back to that viewing distance and that pixel structure disappears because it is beyond the ability of the human eye to resolve that tiny detail. Desk nt 1 2. Now, a picture generated by either the 4K DLP chip, or by the 3LCD 4K-enhanced models, will certainly appear higher in resolution than a standard HD 1080p picture from a distance of 1.3x the screen width. But since we are reaching the limit of the human eye to resolve fine detail at this distance, the perceived differences between native 4K and the 3LCD 4K-enhanced projectors become subtle with video, although as noted previously, less subtle with high resolution graphics and text.

Contrast. The subjective impression of a picture's resolution is determined in significant part not by actual physical resolution but by the contrast of the image -- the higher the contrast, the higher the picture's resolution will appear to be to you. That is because details in shadows and highlights stand out more clearly on a high contrast projector, and edges between dark and light objects appear to be more acutely defined. Due to this phenomenon, when you factor in normal viewing distance, it is possible that a very high contrast conventional HD 1080p projector could appear to be higher in resolution than a native 4K projector with lower contrast. This is why many videophiles would argue that high contrast (along with other factors like color accuracy and wide color gamut) are actually more critical components to a successful image than resolution, especially when it comes to home theater projectors.

Conclusion

In the end we urge you to consider ALL aspects of a projector's capabilities and attributes before making a buying decision. 4K resolution is obviously a hot ticket in the projector world these days, and we would argue that the new 4K projectors featuring TI's 4K DLP chip qualify as native 4K based on the acute precision of the image on the screen, and the ability of each mirror to drive two independent single pixel structures. How they do that is related to some behind-the-scenes technological magic (proprietary to TI) that you will never be aware of.

Nevertheless, as impressive as the high precision 4K DLP chip is, that precision is more apparent with complex graphics and dense text than it is with video. But this is true of ALL projectors using native 4K chips, not just the new 4K DLP chip. In the end, your subject matter itself as well as your preferred viewing distance will determine how much detail is actually visible on the screen. Keep these things in mind as you check out all of the exciting options you have for upgrading to a new 4K projector.

Thanks for the writeup, Evan. Do you know if TI has improved black level on the new UHD chip compared to the older DC4 DMD? That's an area where DLP has seriously fallen behind especially LCOS technology from JVC & Sony.
Evan, thanks for providing the math and comparison between a projector using native 4K chips and one using the 3LCD pixel-shift technology. This makes decisions on what and why I might one versus the other technologies more clear (pun intended).
Given the price point I think Optoma will have a winner on it's hand. It will be interesting to see how soon we get additional projectors on the market using this chip set.
Evan Powell, Editor Posted Jan 23, 2017 3:42 PM PST
Thanks guys. Paul, to your question on contrast.I have not seen any production samples of products using the 4K DLP chip so I don't know how the contrast issue will shake out. I'm reluctant to make any comments on issues like this based on prototype demos other than to say that, so far, the contrast potential of the chip appears to be sufficient to produce a very satisfying image. We will see how the actual products roll out soon enough. It should be fun, is all I can say at the moment.
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Informative write-up Evan. I know that single-chip projector solutions can cause a 'rainbow' effect, does this get worse when adding another dimension of sequential refreshes?
How is solid gray patterns handled? In my experience with single-chip DLP projectors gray patterns are usually very difficult to reproduce specifically because the sequential refreshes?
Does the addition of the pixel shift and sequential refreshes cause more latency? A big reason to with a native 4K panel than the others is that latency is generally less than a frame on native 4K panels.
Superb Article
Smart
As always, Evan dives into a subject to help all of us understand a particular issue. But in this case I must disagree with your perspective of what is “native” and what is not. I think for many of us, ”native” means the panel elements equals the content. Thus if the signal is 3840x2160 then for the device to be considered native it too must be 3840x2160. From my perspective Evan, you give indication that if a single mirror could move fast enough to paint a 4K image such as your spreadsheet example then the device is native 4K. Sure the image is displayed as 4K, but no amount of math, image processing or good marketing can change the fact the number of panel elements does not equal the image resolution.
will 3D be supported at 1080P resolution? 4k projectors do not support 3D at 4K.
In regards to Steve's comment concerning true resolution. The end result is the only measure that really matters. In the last generation of high end CRT projectors the best of them were clearly capable of HD but this was achieved with essentially three rays painting one line at a time in each of the three tubes. The ray did this so quickly we only saw a complete image. The new TI chip does something similar. The confusion is in what the device actually does. LCD and LCOS have no moving parts and if you look directly at them you could see the actual image. This is a limitation that requires these panels to have the number of pixels that they are displaying. The DLP devices are not limited in that way. The micromirrors move at high speed. They can put a pixel image anywhere within their range of movement. So if a single mirror moves fast enough to create two pixels in the time frame needed and we perceive it as two pixels the end result of this device is 4K.
Yes, I agree with your explanation from what I have learned on the theory side but have not seen an actual single chip DLP 4K projector yet. In my mind the real test will be how they implement the color wheel as with all single chip designs it is always a trade off between brightness and color accuracy. If they go for color accuracy rather than brightness it could be very interesting to see it compared to a Sony, JVC or the Epson 3 chip LCOS 4k model both with and without pixel shift. In my experience if two projectors are close in resolution and overall brightness then contrast (DLP vs LCOS) and color (1 chip vs 3 chip) will be the key factors in determining which will look better to the eye.
David, I wish it were the mirrors putting two pixels on the screen by reflecting in different directions, but that's not the way the shift occurs. There is a single optical element 'wobulating' the whole image to get the shift. In 1/120 sec the chip's 4 MP projects the first image and the next 1/120 sec they make another complete 4MP image and the optical actuator shifts it diagonally to complete the 8 MP in one refresh interval of 1/60 sec.
Sounds similar to how PS4 pro can create 4K video . compute higher resolution than 1080p and then upscale from there to 4K. Long ago, immersive visual display systems for some pilot training simulators used interlaced video. An artifact that could result was called 'entrainment' where a small object moving across the screen could dissappear when traversing one raster line every 1/60th second (the object would not be in the image being displayed for multiple frames in a row. i.e. Located in the even field when odd field lines are displayed and located in the odd field when even field lines are displayed). The answer was antialiasing the computed pixels over a larger solid angle that includes adjacent pixels. Thus, for the TI chip, the computed image will be somewhat less resolution than the instantaneous native display resolution times 2. However, static imagery may actually appear to be higher resolution than 4K, approaching 5432 pixels depending on the algorithm TI uses to convert video to their Wobbulating 2716 format.
Great article! I have used my optoma uhd60 last few days and wow! The 4k looks amazing! Just like native 4k, it is fantastic!

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When referencing the PS4 Pro, do u mean 4K video or 4K videogames? I think it can render native 4K video in streamed content but in games that aren't native 4K, I don't know if this qualifies as simple upscaling like the PS4 Pro does. If that's the case, the Xbox One S also upscales games to 4K. Checkerboard rendering is the technique being thrown around a lot in association with PS4 Pro and it sounds similar but I don't know enough to say how much.




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